Alfred Schnittke
was born on 24 November 1934 in Engels, on the Volga River, in
the Soviet Union. His father was born in Frankfurt to a Jewish
family of Russian origin who had moved to the USSR in 1926, and
his mother was a Volga-German born in Russia. Schnittke began
his musical education in 1946 in Vienna where his father, a
journalist and translator, had been posted. In 1948 the family
moved to Moscow, where Schnittke studied piano and received a
diploma in choral conducting. From 1953 to 1958 he
studied counterpoint and composition with Yevgeny Golubev and
instrumentation with Nikolai Rakov at the Moscow Conservatory.
Schnittke completed his postgraduate course in composition there
in 1961 and joined the Union of Composers the same year. Many of
Schnittke's works was inspired by Kremer and other prominent
performers, including Yury Bashmet, Natalia Gutman, Gennady
Rozhdestvensky and Mstislav Rostropovich. Schnittke composed 9
symphonies, 6 concerti grossi, 4 violin concertos, 2 cello
concertos, concertos for piano, a triple concerto for violin,
viola and cello, 4 string quartets, other chamber music, 3
operas, ballet scores, choral and vocal works and by 1984 he had
scored more than 60 films. Schnittke suffered a series of
serious strokes and died, on 3 August 1998 in Hamburg.
Alexander Tchaikovsky,
born 1946, studied until 1967 at the Music College of Moscow
and from 1967 until 1975 at the Moscow Conservatory (piano under
Heinrich Neuhaus and Lev Naumov, composition under Tichon
Khrennikov). He won the highest award at the international forum
of composers, Hollybash Festival, in the US (1985). In 1995, he
was appointed leading composer at the Nova Scotia Festival in
Canada and has been awarded - Peoples Artist of the Russian
Federation.
Professor Tchaikovsky is author of compositions in various
genres, including 8 operas, 3 ballets, 4 symphonies, 2 piano
concertos, concerto for two piano, 3 viola concertos, concerto
for violin and viola, 2 violin concertos, concerto for cello, 2
oratories, chamber music and music to theatre and film
productions. His music has been performed by such outstanding
musicians such as M. Pletnyev, V. Gergiev, M. Jansons, Y.
Bashmet, V. Tretyakov, D. Geringas, M. Gantvarg, E. Bronfman,
and A. Slobodyanik. Mira Yevtich performed his music in 1991,
92, 99 and A. Tchaikovsky has dedicated his Sonata Op. 85 No. 2
to Mira Yevtich.
Baldassare Galuppi, with the byname Il Buranello, was born October 18,
1706 on the island of Burano, near Venice. Galuppi was taught by
his father, a barber and violinist, and studied under A. Lotti
in Venice. After producing two operas in collaboration with G.B.
Pescetti (1728–29), he began composing operas for Venetian
theatres. In 1741 he visited London and arranged a pasticcio,
titled Alexander in Persia. Several of his own operas
were produced in England, including Enrico (1743). In
1748 he became assistant concertmaster at San Marco Basilica in
Venice and in 1762 concertmaster there. From 1766 to 1768 he was
Chapel master to Catherine II in Russia, where he composed
Ifigenia in Tauride, an opera seria. In 1768 he returned to
Venice and resumed his duties at San Marco.
Galuppi was one of the most prolific and widely performed opera
composers of the period, and his works includes at least 100
operas composed between 1722 and 1773, comic as well as serious.
Many of them (after 1749) were collaborations with the famous
Venetian dramatist Carlo Goldoni. Of Galuppi’s comic operas,
Il filosofo di campagna (1754) was the most popular. Beside
operas, Galuppi wrote religious and instrumental works. He died
in Venice January 3, 1784.
Joseph Haydn was born in Rohrau, 31 March 1732. He was trained as a choirboy and
taken into the choir at St. Stephen's Cathedral, Vienna, where
he sang from circa 1740 to circa 1750. He then worked as a
freelance musician, playing the violin and keyboard instruments,
accompanying for singing lessons given by the composer Porpora.
In circa 1759 he was appointed music director to Count Morzin;
but he soon moved, into service as Vice-Kapellmeister with one
of the leading Hungarian families, the Esterházys, becoming full
Kapellmeister in 1766.
He
was widely revered and immensely prolific even some of his music
remains unpublished and little known. His operas have never
succeeded in holding the stage. But he is regarded, with some
justice, as father of the symphony and the string quartet: he
saw both genres from their beginnings to a high level of
sophistication and artistic expression, even if he did not
originate them. He brought to them new intellectual weight, and
his closely argued style of development laid the foundations for
the larger structures of Beethoven and later composers. After
twice dictating his recollections and preparing a catalogue of
his works, Haydn died 31 May 1809.
Johannes Brahms
was born in Hamburg, 7 May 1833. He studied the piano from the
age of seven and theory and composition (with Eduard Marxsen)
from 13, gaining experience as an arranger for his father's
light orchestra while absorbing the popular alla zingarese
style associated with Hungarian folk music. In 1853, on a tour
with the Hungarian violinist Reményi, he met Joseph Joachim and
Liszt; Joachim, who became a lifelong friend, encouraged him to
meet Robert Schumann. Brahms's artistic kinship with Robert
Schumann and his profound romantic passion for Clara Schumann,
14 years his elder, never left him. Fundamentally reserved,
Brahms was fond of taut forms in his music, though he used genre
distinctions loosely. In the piano music, for example, the
dividing lines between ballade and rhapsody, and capriccio and
intermezzo, are vague. As in other media, his most important
development technique in the piano music is variation, whether
used independently (simple melodic alteration and thematic
cross-reference) or to create a large integrated cycle in which
successive variations contain their own thematic transformation
(as in the Handel Variations). At Bad Ischl, his favourite
summer resort, he composed a series of important chamber works.
By 1890 he had resolved to stop composing but nevertheless
produced, in 1891-94, some of his best instrumental pieces,
inspired by the clarinetist Richard Mühlfeld. Soon after Clara
Schumann's death in 1896 he died from cancer, aged 63.
The State Hermitage Orchestra
was founded in 1989 by the outstanding conductor Professor
Saulius Sondeckis, People’s Artist of USSR and State Prizes
winner, The first name of the orchestra was St. Petersburg
Camerata and the first members of this youngest professional
company of the country, were students of the Leningrad
Conservatoire. St. Petersburg Camerata soon became one of the
best chamber orchestras in Russia. On February 14, 1994, it was
granted the unique status of resident orchestra of the State
Hermitage, or the State Hermitage Orchestra.
The orchestra has performed in top concert halls in Russia and
abroad about 2000 concerts and recorded more than 30 CDs,
including those on the Sony Classical label. It has performed in
the best domestic and foreign halls together with such prominent
musicians as Yehudy Menuhin, Mstislav Rostropovich, Maxim
Schostakovich, Vladimir Minin, Daniil Shafran, Nathalie Gutman,
Ivan Monigetti, Vladimir Krainev, Valerii Afanasiev, Igor
Oistrakh, Victor Tretiakov, Grigory Zhislin, Catia Ricciarelli,
Dmitry Khvorostovsky, Lubov Kazarnovskaya, Nicolai Gedda and
Elena Obraztsova. |